UIAutomation API -蜗牛学苑

18
08月

UIAutomation API

SetTopmost(True)：将窗体设置为顶层；MoveToCenter()：将窗体居中显示；MetroClose()：关闭win8以后出现的新菜单MetroUI；SetActive()：设置一个程序被执行得间隔时间。

1.uiautomation方法

(1)WindowContrl(searchDepth,ClassName,SubName)

查找窗口中的程序;可用window.Exists(maxSearchSeconds)来判断此窗口是否存在；

源代码如下：

class WindowControl(Control, TransformPattern, WindowPattern, DockPattern):
def __init__(self, element = 0, searchFromControl = None, searchDepth = 0xFFFFFFFF,

searchWaitTime = SEARCH_INTERVAL, foundIndex = 1, **searchPorpertyDict):
Control.__init__(self, element, searchFromControl, searchDepth, searchWaitTime,

foundIndex, **searchPorpertyDict)
        self.AddSearchProperty(ControlType = ControlType.WindowControl)

    def SetTopmost(self, isTopmost = True):
        return Win32API.SetWindowTopmost(self.Handle, isTopmost)

    def MoveToCenter(self):
        left, top, right, bottom = self.BoundingRectangle
        width, height = right - left, bottom - top
        screenWidth, screenHeight = Win32API.GetScreenSize()
        x, y = (screenWidth-width)//2, (screenHeight-height)//2
        if x < 0: x = 0
        if y < 0: y = 0
        return Win32API.SetWindowPos(self.Handle, SWP.HWND_TOP, x, y, 0, 0,

SWP.SWP_NOSIZE)

    def MetroClose(self, waitTime = OPERATION_WAIT_TIME):
        """only works in Windows 8/8.1, if current window is Metro UI"""
        window = WindowControl(searchDepth = 1, ClassName =

METRO_WINDOW_CLASS_NAME)
        if window.Exists(0, 0):
            screenWidth, screenHeight = Win32API.GetScreenSize()
            Win32API.MouseMoveTo(screenWidth//2, 0, waitTime = 0)
            Win32API.MouseDragDrop(screenWidth//2, 0, screenWidth//2, screenHeight,

waitTime = waitTime)
        else:
            Logger.WriteLine('Window is not Metro!', ConsoleColor.Yellow)

    def SetActive(self, waitTime = OPERATION_WAIT_TIME):
        curState = self.CurrentWindowVisualState()
        if curState == WindowVisualState.Minimized:
            self.ShowWindow(ShowWindow.Restore)
        elif curState == WindowVisualState.Maximized:
            self.ShowWindow(ShowWindow.Maximize)
        else:
            self.ShowWindow(ShowWindow.Show)
        ret = Win32API.SetForegroundWindow(self.Handle) #maybe fail if foreground

windows's process is not python
time.sleep(waitTime)
return ret

从上面的源码中可以看出，WindowContrl类下面有四个方法：

SetTopmost(True)：将窗体设置为顶层；MoveToCenter()：将窗体居中显示；MetroClose()：关闭win8以后出现的新菜单MetroUI；SetActive()：设置一个程序被执行得间隔时间。方法可以这样在python中使用,代码如下：

以计算器为例

calcwindow = uiautomation.WindowControl(searchDepth=1, Name='计算器')

#窗体居中显示
calcwindow.MoveToCenter()

#窗体置顶
calcwindow.SetTopmost(True)

#控制操作间隔
calcwindow.SetActive(20)

#只针对win8,关闭MetroUI
calcwindow.MetroClose(10)

(2)EditControl(searchFromControl)

查找编辑位置，找到后可用DoubleClick()来改变电脑的focus;edit.SetValue("string")输入值，源码如下：

class EditControl(Control, RangeValuePattern, TextPattern, ValuePattern):
def __init__(self, element = 0, searchFromControl = None, searchDepth = 0xFFFFFFFF,

searchWaitTime = SEARCH_INTERVAL, foundIndex = 1, **searchPorpertyDict):
Control.__init__(self, element, searchFromControl, searchDepth, searchWaitTime,

foundIndex, **searchPorpertyDict)
self.AddSearchProperty(ControlType = ControlType.EditControl)

此类继承其父类的所有非私有方法。常用方法使用代码如下：

edit = uiautomation.EditControl(searchFromControl = musicwindow, foundIndex =

1,ProcessId='xxxx')

#点击元素，将光标放入元素中

edit.Click()

#先文本框输入文字

edit.SendKeys(‘你好！’)

(3)Win32API.SendKeys("string")

如果已在编辑位置，则可用此方法来输入值，{Ctrl}为ctrl键，其他类似；{@ 8}格式可输入8个@，对于数字也可实现此功能，但对于字母不能，源码代码量较大，这里就不展示了，大家可以在python中自行查看，此类的功能非常多，涉及鼠标、键盘以及窗体的操作。常用输入信息代码如下：

#已经有光标在输入框内的时候，也可以直接使用

uiautomation.Win32API.SendKeys(‘你好！’)

(4) MenuItemControl(searchFromControl,Name)

查找菜单按钮，源码如下：

class MenuBarControl(Control):
def __init__(self, element = 0, searchFromControl = None, searchDepth = 0xFFFFFFFF,

searchWaitTime = SEARCH_INTERVAL, foundIndex = 1, **searchPorpertyDict):
Control.__init__(self, element, searchFromControl, searchDepth, searchWaitTime,

foundIndex, **searchPorpertyDict)
self.AddSearchProperty(ControlType = ControlType.MenuBarControl)

使用代码如下：

mubar = uiautomation.MenuBarControl(searchFromControl = musicwindow, foundIndex =

1,ProcessId='xxxx')

mubar.Click()

(5)ComboBoxControl(searchFromControl,AutomationId)

查找下拉框，然后在此基础上用Select("name")方法来选择需要的选项；

(6)BottonControl(searchFromControl,Name,SubName)

查找按钮；

calcwindow = uiautomation.WindowControl(searchDepth=1, Name='计算器')

calcwindow.ButtonControl(Name='7').Click()

(7) automation.FindControl(firefoxWindow,lambda c:(isinstance(c, automation.EditControl)

or isinstance(c, automation.ComboBoxControl)) and c.Name == 'Enter your search term')

按条件搜索handle

baiduedit = automation.FindControl(huohu,lambda c,d:isinstance(c,automation.EditControl),

foundIndex=3)
baiduedit.SendKeys(u"在线工具库",0.5)

2.对找到句柄常用操作

(1) Click() 点击；

(2) RighClik() 右键点击；

(3) SendKeys() 发送字符；

(4) SetValue()传值，一般对EditControl用；

3.对windows程序常用操作

(1)subprocess.Popen('Name') 用进程打开程序；

(2)window.Close() 　　　　关闭窗口；

(3)window.SetActive() 　使用；

(4)window.SetTopMost() 　　设置为顶层

(5)window.ShowWindow(uiautomation.ShowWindow.Maximize) 窗口最大化

(6)window.CaptureToImage('Notepad.png') 截图；

(7)uiautomation.Win32API.PressKey(uiautomation.Keys.VK_CONTROL) 按住Ctrl键

(8)uiautomation.Win32API.ReleaseKey(uiautomation.Keys.VK_CONTROL) 释放Ctrl键

(9)automation.GetConsoleWindow() #return console window that runs python，打开控制台

(10)automation.Logger.ColorfulWriteLine('\nI will open <Color=Green>Notepad</Color> and

<Color=Yellow>automate</Color> it. Please wait for a while.') 控制台传值（彩色字体），普通传值用WriteLine；

(11)automation.ShowDesktop() 显示桌面；

下期推送：UIAutomation使用中的问题

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